• H315 Causes skin irritation 会刺激皮肤
• H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction 可能导致皮肤过敏
• H311 Toxic in contact with skin 皮肤接触中毒
• H301 Toxic if swallowed 吞食有毒
• H335 May cause respiratory irritation 可能导致呼吸道刺激
• H350 May cause cancer 可能致癌
• H411 Toxictoaquaticlifewithlonglastingeffects 对水生生物有毒性并具有长期影响。
• H318 Causes serious eye damage 严重伤害眼睛
• H331 Toxic if inhaled 吸入中毒
• H225 Highly flammable liquid and vapour 高度易燃液体和蒸气
• H301+H311+H331
• H361 Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child 怀疑对生育能力或未出生婴儿造成伤害

• P273 Avoid release to the environment. 避免释放到环境中。
• P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. 避免吸入粉尘/烟/气体/烟雾/蒸汽/喷雾。
• P301+P310
• P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. 戴防护手套/防护服/眼睛的保护物/面部保护物。
• P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking. 远离热源/火花/明火/热的表面。——禁止吸烟。
• P201 Obtain special instructions before use. 使用前获取专门指示。
• P301+P310+P330
• P308+P313
• P305+P351+P338+P310
• P403+P233

• R11 Highly flammable 非常易燃
• R23/24/25 Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 吸入，皮肤接触及吞食都有毒
• R37/38 Irritating to respiratory system and skin 对呼吸系统和皮肤有刺激性
• R45 May cause cancer 可能致癌
• R43 May cause sensitisation by skin contact 皮肤接触会产生过敏反应
• R41 Risk of serious damage to eyes 有严重损伤眼睛的危险
• R62 Possible risk of impaired fertility 有削弱生殖能力的危险
• R63 Possible risk of harm to the unborn child 可能危害未出生婴儿
• R51/53
• R39/23/24/25 Toxic: danger of very serious irreversible effects through inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed 毒性：吸入，皮肤接触和吞食都会产生十分严重的不可逆危险

• S9 Keep container in a well-ventilated place 保持容器在通风良好的场所；
• S61 Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet 避免释放到环境中，参考特别指示/安全收据说明书；
• S45 In case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately (show the label where possible) 发生事故时或感觉不适时，立即求医（可能时出示标签）；
• S53 Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use 避免接触，使用前获得特别指示说明；
• S16 Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking 远离火源，禁止吸烟；
• S36/37 Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves 穿戴适当的防护服和手套；

TYPE OF TEST            : TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 5 ppm/52W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Skin and Appendages - tumors
REFERENCE :
   MELAAD Medicina del Lavoro.  Industrial Medicine.  (Via S. Barnaba, 8, 20122
   Milan, Italy) V.16-    1925-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 68,401,1977

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 18200 mg/kg/52W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria
   Brain and Coverings - tumors
REFERENCE :
   FCTOD7 Food and Chemical Toxicology.  (Pergamon Press Inc., Maxwell House,
   Fairview Park, Elmsford, NY 10523)  V.20-    1982- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   24,129,1986

TYPE OF TEST            : TC - Toxic concentration (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 40 ppm/4H/52W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria
   Brain and Coverings - tumors
REFERENCE :
   ANYAA9 Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.  (New York Academy of
   Sciences, 2 E. 63rd St., New York, NY 10021)  V.1-    1877-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 381,216,1982

TYPE OF TEST            : TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 3640 mg/kg/52W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified
   Gastrointestinal - tumors
REFERENCE :
   DOWCC* Dow Chemical Company Reports.  (Dow Chemical USA, Health and
   Environment Research, Toxicology Research Lab., Midland, MI 48640)
   Volu

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION           : 25 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified
   Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)
   Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   7,367,1965

TYPE OF TEST            : LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION           : 110 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia
   (usually neuromuscular blockage)
   Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
   Behavioral - coma
REFERENCE :
   JIHTAB Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.  (Cambridge, MA)
   V.18-31, 1936-49.  For publisher information, see AEHLAU.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,27,1942

TYPE OF TEST            : LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 425 ppm/4H
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
REFERENCE :
   TXAPA9 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology.  (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E.
   First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.1-    1959-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   29,81,1974

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION           : 69 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis with appropriate
   anesth

TYPE OF TEST            : LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 perce

TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 46500 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
   Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland)  V.1-    1969-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   47,363,1983

TYPE OF TEST            : Mutation in mammalian somatic cells
TEST SYSTEM             : Human Lymphocyte
DOSE/DURATION           : 25 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   5,497,1985

TYPE OF TEST            : Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Inhalation
TEST SYSTEM             : Insect - Drosophila melanogaster
DOSE/DURATION           : 3 ppm
REFERENCE :
   MUREAV Mutation

TYPE OF TEST            : DNA damage
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - hamster Embryo
DOSE/DURATION           : 200 mg/L
REFERENCE :
   JJIND8 JNCI, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.  (Washington, DC)
   V.61-79, 1978-87. For publisher information, see JNCIEQ.
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,1025,1979

TYPE OF TEST            : Unscheduled DNA synthesis
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat Liver
DOSE/DURATION           : 1 mmol/L
REFERENCE :
   PMRSDJ Progress in Mutation Research.  (Elsevier Science Pub. Co., Inc., 52
   Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017)  V.1-    1981- Volume(issue)/page/year:
   5,371,1985

TYPE OF TEST            : DNA adduct
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
TEST SYSTEM             : Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION           : 46500 ug/kg
REFERENCE :
   CBINA8 Chemico-Biological Interactions.  (Elsevier Scientific Pub. Ireland
   Ltd., POB 85, Limerick, Ireland)  V.1-    1969-  Volume(issue)/page/year:
   47,363,1983

{hazard_com}

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 650 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular
   (circulatory) system
REFERENCE :
   TJADAB Teratology, The International Journal of Abnormal Development. (Alan
   R. Liss, Inc., 41 E. 11th St., New York, NY 10003)  V.1-    1968-
   Volume(issue)/page/year: 17,50A,1978

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 650 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant
   per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)
   Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death,
   e.g., stunted fetus)
   Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
REFERENCE :
   DOWCC* Dow Chemical Company Reports.  (Dow Chemical USA, Health and
   Environment Research, Toxicology Research Lab., Midland, MI

TYPE OF TEST            : TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE       : Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED        : Rodent - rat
DOSE                    : 644 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION            : male 2 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
   Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material,
   sperm morphology, motility, and count)
   Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
REFERENCE :
   TOXID9 Toxicologist.  (Soc. of Toxicology, Inc., 475 Wolf Ledge Parkway,
   Akron, OH 44311) V.1-    1981-  Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,87,1994